Many things… according to Edward Tenner, author of a book on « The efficiency paradox ». In an interesting interview to The Verge, the author points out to a number of issues where Big Data lack of power or may direct possible solutions for the worse.
For instance, he claims that the great financial attractiveness of Platform efficiency (the ability of digital apps or sites to put directly the consumer and the seller in contact) may divert investments from more traditional and beneficial forms of efficiency, called Process efficiency. He also explains in the same interview what Big Data could mean for the arts and culture, and how the current disappearance of gatekeepers can also become a problem.